Rock property measurements and analysis of selected igneous. However, sedimentary rocks may also form in dry, desert environments or in association with glaciers. Naturally occurring not man made solid mixture of minerals other organic matter. Foliated rocks produced by regional metamorphism these rocks have all been affected by pressure, to some degree, during regional metamorphism. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks last modified by. The lecture part of the course emphasizes igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis as determined through field and laboratory studies. They are sedimentary or igneous rocks that have undergone changes as a result of extreme pressure and heat. Some form during mountainbuilding by forces of others from the heat of igneous intrusions in regional metamorphism others from the heat of igneous intrusions in contact metamorphism.
Thus coarse grained metamorphic rocks involve long times of metamorphism. In the present lecture, we shall go through another, but equally important class of rocks metamorphic rocks that are. The temperature deep inside the earth is much hotter. Also, the chapters introduction and grade have undergone several major changes. Pdf on jan 1, 20, mohammad karimpour and others published igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks classfication find, read and.
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks nurturing. Elements combine chemically to form minerals how does this fit into our understanding of what rocks are. The rocks are classified according to their properties. The name defines their formation whereby meta means change and morph means form. This planar fabric is characteristic of many metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks metamorphic rocks rocks that have been subjected to either enough heat or pressure to cause the minerals in that rock to undergo solid state chemical changes. Types of rocks sorting cardsthese beautiful cards make learning about types of rocks fun and easy. Which characteristic of nonsedimentary rocks would provide the least evidence about the environment in which the rocks were formed. The greek word metamorphose which means change of form, is the root of the word metamorphic. Glencoe science earth science chapter 6 sedimentary and. Metamorphic rocks formed from parent sedimentary rocks are called parametamorphite e. To explain their origin, geologists draw analogies with what they can observe.
Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks and various mechanisms behind the formation of these textures. This new edition of petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks has several completely revised chapters and all chapters have updated references and redrawn. Appendix b classification of metamorphic and other compositegenesis rocks, including hydrothermally altered, impactmetamorphic, mylonitic, and cataclastic rocks version 1. Lightcolored dikes and sills of igneous rock cut the metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks and processes metamorphism comes from the greek words meta change morphe form metamorphic rocks form by solidstate no melting transformation of preexisting rock by processes that take place beneath earths surface. A metamorphic rock used to be some other type of rock, but it was changed inside the earth to become a new type of rock. These are the rocks that form by the effects of heat, pressure, and shear upon igneous and sedimentary rocks. Change is a result of pressure directed stress and heat solid state reaction no net change in chemistry ideally role of groundwater recrystallization of. Rock cycle rocks do not remain in their original form for long but may undergo transformation. Geology 2 sedimentary and metamorphic rocks purpose in this, our final rock identification lab, we will be looking at sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula.
Rock cycle notes three types of rocks sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary rocks sediment is produced through the process of weathering. Metamorphic rocks are igneous, sedimentary, or preexisting metamorphic rocks that have been changed by great pressures and temperatures within the crust. This sciencestruck writeup lists a few facts about the composition of these rocks. Under high temperature and pressure, the sediment becomes compacted. Check the number on the rock and compare it with the key above. Exploring the etymology of sedimentary, igneous, and. Depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of metasedimentary rocks from southern madagascar article in gondwana research 21.
Examples of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Then, if sedimentary rocks are subjected to changes in temperature and pressure, the rocks may become metamorphic rocks. Amagma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock. A solid, cohesive aggregate of grains of one or more mineral. Igneous rocks the igneous rocks are the result of the solidification of magma.
Rocks are generally classified into three types on the basis of their origin and structure. Glencoe science earth science chapter 6 sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks are quite difficult to classify, as they have several different defining qualities the chemical makeup. According to the geological significance igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 9095% of the top 16 km of the earths crust by volume. Igneous rocks metamorphic rocks sedimentary rocks basic. They can form from sedimentary and igneous rocks, too. Request pdf depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of metasedimentary rocks from southern madagascar southern madagascar is the core of a 1million km2 gondwanan metasedimentary belt. In other words, these are the rocks that are formed when the igneous and sedimentary rocks change their form under the following two circumstances. Rocks are constantly modified by the action of different geological agents, such as water or wind, and by living beings. Csedimentary rock must melt before it can change to.
Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification and cooling of magma in volcanic. All chapters of part ii of the book have been rewritten. A rock is a solid cumulative of minerals located in the earths lithosphere. Rock cycle is a continuous process through which old rocks are transformed into new ones. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the cementing together of sediments, or from the compaction squeezing together of sediments, or from the recrystallization of new mineral grains which are larger than the original crystals. Metasedimentary rock an overview sciencedirect topics. Igneous rocks are primary rocks and other rocks sedimentary and metamorphic form. Pdf igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks classfication.
Metamorphic rocks are former igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks that have changed their texture and composition. Grade of metamorphism metamorphic grade is a general term for describing the relative temperature and pressure conditions under which metamorphic rocks form. Metamorphic sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary igneous. All the rocks described in this spread are foliated. In geology, metasedimentary rock is a type of metamorphic rock. Petrologythe study of the nature, composition, origin, and history of rocksis central to understanding earth history. Such a rock was first formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment. Those major rocks types are igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. The students will then cut out the pictures and facts of each rock and will be expected to glue each rock in its correct category. Gold in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks by robert s.
Rocks formed by the solid state alteration of pre existing rocks under the influence of heat pressure or chemically active fluids. Metamorphic rock metamorphic rock regional metamorphism. Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks science struck. Difference between metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks. Similarly, those resulting from original igneous rocks are known as orthometamorphite say, formed from granite and granodiorite. Rock collection and id chart 18 rocks igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary from dinosaurs rock. Igneous rocks form when rocks are heated to the melting point which forms magma. Objectives university of nairobi personal websites. The texture will be either foliated of nonfoliated and should. Then, if the magma cools, new igneous rock will form. Gold in lgneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Rocks in the earths crust can be broadly categorized in to three types. Metamorphic rocks are an important topic in geology. Rocks are formed on earth as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Geologist made this classification based on the geological process, which formed the given rocks. As students of the planet earth, every geologist must have a solid foundation in petrology, regardless of specialization or interest. The number of gold an a 1 y s e s made on common types of rocks is. Note the strong vertical fabric of the canyon wall. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks do not have aligned mineral crystals.
Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary, igneous, or another metamorphic rock. These rocks are physically deformed and chemically changed due to. The students will then make a chart on the poster boards labeled metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary. Glencoe science earth science chapter 8 mass movements, wind, and galciers 19 terms. Bsediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock. For each specimen list the texture of the rock on the form for metamorphic rock determination. Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks the building blocks of landforms rocks we have now seen the relationship between elements and minerals. Depositional age, provenance and metamorphic age of. There are a variety of processes involved, and they are collectively described by the. Metamorphic rock types are classified as originally either igneous or sedimentary, but their character has been changed by processes operating below the surface of the earth. This video discusses how to identify a metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are the rocks formed from other rocks.
In the previous two lectures we covered the nature and classification of igneous and sedimentary rocks. Seabed relief on bedrock reaches 40 m in places over a horizontal distance of 500 m but is generally less than 6 m fig. Right hornfels in thin section from a sedimentary protolith. Any platy minerals they contain take on a preferred alignment known as foliation. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Rocks are basically classified into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are some of the oldest on earth, are. A metamorphic rock forms from a parent rock called a protolith. Regional metamorphism is associated with the major events of earth dynamics, and the vast majority of metamorphic rocks are so produced. Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. A series of simple definition matching exercises linked to examination questions together with a powerpoint of the rock types.
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock flashcards. Experiments suggest that the time involved is tens of millions of years. Metasedimentary and igneous rocks outcrop over the central portion of the map area designated as im on fig. Metamorphic rocks are best identified when looking at the rock as you see them in nature. Metamorphic rocks use of the metamorphic rock identification chart the identification chart on the following page will be used to identify metamorphic rocks in this exercise. The sedimentary rocks from which marble and slate are formed. Have the students classify the rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, and then try to interpret the rock origins. You can clearly see the deformation and features that are characteristic of an entire area. Which characteristic of nonsedimentary rocks would a.
The overall composition of a metasedimentary rock can be used to identify the original sedimentary rock, even. Layers of sedimentary rock metamorphic rock hot magma 9 sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks and strength of slate make it ideal for use in buildings, especially in roofing and floor tiles. Then, the rock was buried underneath subsequent rock and was subjected to high pressures and temperatures, causing the rock to recrystallize. The word metamorphism comes from ancient greek words for change meta and form. Metamorphic rock is formed underground through a process that changes a rock s molecular structure due to pressure, heat and chemical reactions. The rocks are the association of one or more minerals. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.
Igneous rocks form from magma, which is not a rock since it is a fluid and sedimentary rocks lithify. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks lesson plan. The process of forming a metamorphic rock by altering a pre existing rock. Total porosity values and both wateraccessible and helium accessible. Metamorphic rocks never melt if they did they would become igneous magma.
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