Obremskey wt, dirschl dr, crowther jd, craig wl 3rd, driver re, lecroy cm. Interviewers should be trained in basic interviewing skills and in the use of this. The sf36 was administered only to adults aged 15 years and over. Answers to the questions yield the following eight domains scored from 0 low to 100 high and two. This paper describes a microcomputer that can be used to generate sas code for scoring the sf 36 health survey, one of the most widely used measures of healthrelated quality of life today. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. It yields an 8scale profile including functional health, and mental health. A physical summary and a mental summary are included in the test scoring. Clinical studies 36 item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters. The shortform 36 health survey rand corporation and john e. Imputing the physical and mental summary scores pcs and mcs for the mos sf 36 and the veterans sf 36 health survey in the presence of missing data. The sf36 results that follow are presented separately for males and females, and maori and nonmaori see chapter 1. The sf 36 was a product of the medical outcomes study mos, a fouryear study that examined specific influences on outcomes of care 3,4. These surveys are for adults 18 years of age and older, and can be selfadministered or interviewadministered.
The standard sf 36 pcs and mcs scores were calculated using the scoring algorithm described in the users manual. It is a practical, reliable and valid measure of physical and mental health that can be completed in five to ten minutes. Statistically significant differences were found between essc and uctd patients and controls in the scores of the following domains. Fairly high fees should be paid for each administered sf 36 questionnaire 5 and applications of the scoring software. The hkspecific sf 36 pcs and mcs scores were calculated with the means, sd, and factor coefficients derived from the h. We administered the sf 36 to 7,093 patients who received medical care from an independent association of 48 physician groups in the. Sf36 questionnaire in french englishfrench dictionary. The 36item short form health survey sf36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures.
The sf 36 health survey sf 36 is a generic measure designed to examine perceived health status. The standard sf 36 pcs and mcs scales scoring algorithm is therefore recommended for the h. The sf 6d is a classification for describing health derived from a selection of sf 36 items. The instrument was submitted to validation in brazil and is widely used in10 ternationally 7 11 12. All respondentss answers to sf36 were analyzed using a software that made data processing a lot easier and it established the final results of the selfevaluation.
Association of the 36item short form health survey. Stata module to calculate summary statistics for the sf. Sf 36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. Looking for online definition of sf36 or what sf36 stands for. The sf36v2 provides scores for each of the eight health domains and psychometricallybased physical component summary pcs and mental component. Many improvements were made to the sf 36v2 to shorten and simplify the wording and make it more familiar. We estimate sf 36 and sf 12 summary scores using a correlated oblique physical and mental health factor model. Each of the 8 scale measures are available as both a raw score and a tscore for all mhos eras sf 36 and vr12. From the original 149item functional and well being profile used in the mos, a twentyitem short survey called the sf 20 was derived, but it was limited by floor effects 57. How to calculate mcs and pcs scores in sf36 questionnaire. Behavior and analysis of 36item shortform health survey. Overview of the sf36 health survey and the international.
The sf 36 and sf 12 summary scores were derived using an uncorrelated orthogonal factor solution. Kazis is director of the veterans sf 36 project for the office of quality and performance for the veterans administration, washington, d. Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the. For example, the physical summary pcs requires at least 1 pf item.
Sas code for calculating adjusted pcs mcs 8 scales and. The medical outcomes study 36 item shortform sf 36 is an instrument for measuring the health status and healthrelated quality of life hrqol, which assesses eight dimensions of health. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. The pcs and mcs scores were obtained from the eight sf 36 scales using a correlated oblique physical and mental health factor model. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. To calculate the scores it is necessary to purchase special software. Type of clinical outcome assessment coa original language s english for the usa. Had difficulty performing the work or other activities for example, it took extra effort. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. Sf36 results for pacific people are provided in the analysis of sf36 by ethnic group europeanpakeha. In addition, if national weighting data are available, two summary measures physical health and mental health may be calculated. However there have been only a limited number of studies focused on the discriminative ability of sf 36 regarding social and disease status in developing countries.
You only need to enter the product activation key on the initial launching of the application. For each question, please give the answer that comes closest to the way you have been feeling. Normative data and discriminative properties of short form 36. Any patient who completes the sf 36 or the sf 12 can be uniquely classified according to the sf 6d. Assessing healthrelated quality of life among coronary. There are three short forms for quality of life sf 12, sf 20, and sf 36, and a long form 116 questions.
All respondentss answers to sf 36 were analyzed using a software that made data processing a lot easier and it established the final results of the selfevaluation. Sf 36 questionnaire translation in englishfrench dictionary. The physical component summary pcs and mental component summary. The sf36 includes a multiitem scale with 8 subscales. L the sf 12 consists of 12 survey questions, shown in the following bar charts. The sf 36 assesses healthrelated quality of life using 8 domains, regarding either physical or mental functioning, both of which can also be summarized into a composite score. The percentages reflect the distribution of responses of the 6,1 survey respondents, weighted to reflect the age, ses, hispanic status, and geographic distribution of adults age 18 or over in utah. The scales mental health, role emotional, and social functioning correlate most highly with the mental component, and contribute most to the scoring of the mental component summary mcs. He is the chief of health outcomes for the center for. Quality of life as measured by the shortform 36 sf36. The sf 36 is a generalpurpose health survey instrument published by the medical outcomes trust.
Sf 36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. However, patients with visual or upper extremity impairments may need to have the sf 36 administered as an interview. The sf 36 health survey is a multipurpose, shortform health survey which contains 36 questions. Then they have more surveys for other things also asking about quality of care, screening for depression, screening for sleep problems, recording asthma symptoms, and so on and so forth.
This sas program sas, 39 kb is used to calculate pcs mcs scores in mail survey mode for cohorts 112 in input dataset, calculate 8 scales from rescored hos sf 36 and vr12 items. They provide psychometricallybased physical component summary pcs and mental component summary mcs scores. Im international quality of life assessment project iqola, einer arbeitsgruppe, zusammengesetzt aus forschern. For the 4 noncomparable domains of the lupusqol, there was a correlation between each domain and 1 of the component scores of sf 36. The sf36 health survey sf 36 is a generic measure designed to examine perceived health status. Sf36 form and score formulas phoenix rising mecfs forums.
The short form 36 health survey sf 36 evaluates the functional health and wellbeing of patients. These measures rely upon patient selfreporting and are now widely utilized by. Is there an advantage over sf36 with a quality of life. The sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions. The sf 36 was developed during the medical outcomes study mos to measure generic health concepts relevant across age, disease, and treatment groups. Physical and mental component summaries score of the sf36. Sas code for calculating adjusted pcs mcs 8 scales and sf12. Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for. Stata module to calculate summary statistics for the. Factors affecting quality of life in lower limb amputees.
This can partially explain the scarcity of articles retrieved from these databases when compared to the number of articles obtained by consulting article references or by. Kazis is director of the veterans sf36 project for the office of quality and performance for the veterans administration, washington, d. The medical outcomes study short form 36 sf 36 is a generic health status measure that was introduced in 1992, and has been translated languages. Mar 15, 2016 the rand 36 items health survey i not to be confused with the commercial mos sf 36 questionnaire that contains similar questions but a different scoring system was developed by the rand. The sf 36 is a widely used and accepted global health assessment measure that has proven to be useful in differentiating the health benefits produced by a wide range of different treatments. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. The aim of this study was to obtain population norms of the short form 36 sf 36. Short form 36 sf 36 was developed in the 1980s to measure selfreported hrqol, sponsored by the rand corporation.
Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf 36 about. Short form 36 health survey sf36 statistics solutions. The sf 36 includes a multiitem scale with 8 subscales. The haqdi and sf 36 scores in the two groups of patients and in the controls are summarized in table 2. Development and application in the veterans health administration lewis e. It yields an eightscale profile of scores as well as summary physical and mental measures. Sf36 is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms the free dictionary.
Sf36 total score as a single measure of healthrelated. Translate sf36 in english online and download now our free translator to use any time at no charge. Sf 36 the sf36 age cohorts younger, mid age and older surveys all definition see sections describing the component scores and subscales statistical form continuous variable prepared by anne russell. I am looking for the scoring instructions for the pcs and mcs of the sf 36. The sf36 is distributed by mos trust inc and strict adherence to item wording and scoring recommendations is required in order to use the sf36 trademark type of instrument the sf 36 is a short form measure of generic health status in the general population.
Pcs after tka was calculated by comparing sf 36 pcs score at 2 years after surgery with its preoperative value. Pricing depends on the number of scores that the researcher needs to calculate. This paper describes a microcomputer that can be used to generate sas code for scoring the sf36 health survey, one of the most widely used measures of healthrelated quality of life today. For example, i am pasting one study that did not provide pcs and mcs. In order to study the variables related to both physical and mental summary components of the sf 36, two multiple linear regression models were constructed with the physical pcs and the mental component summary mcs as outcome variables. Many improvements were made to the sf 36v2 to shorten and simplify the wording and make it.
Objective to determine how often health surveys and quality of life evaluations reach different conclusions from those of primary efficacy outcomes and whether discordant results make a difference in the interpretation of trial findings. Sf36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. To score the sf36, scales are standardized with a scoring algorithm or by the sf 36v2 scoring software to obtain a. The sf 36 is a structured, selfreport questionnaire that the patient can generally complete with little or no intervention from an interviewer. Mca, pca, and manova were performed using spss software. The generated sas code can be used to create the 8 sf 36 scale scores and the sf 36 physical and mental health composite scores. We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older, disease, and treatment group, as.
What aggregate measures of the sf 36 and vr12 measures are available. L the 12 bar charts below have been constructed with the highest. The sf36 is a generic qol instrument that measures 8 domains of qol. The scoring algorithm for pcs includes positive weights for the physical functioning, rolephysical, bodily pain, general health and vitality scales and negative. Thirtythree patients with rectal cancer were administered the pgi, the european organisation for research and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, the sf 36 aggregated summaries pcs and mcs for both groups, demonstrate the impairment of the patients, especially with a sf 36 pcs. Chinese population for better international comparability. Many of the published articles used sf 36 to measure hrqol were reported physical component score pcs and mental component score mcs separately along with eight domains of sf 36. The sf36 yields eight scale scores and two summary scores. Some studies summed the scores of the eight sf 36 domains yielding total scores above 100, such as 524. Sf36 background the sf361 is a selfreport, 36 item survey. A new algorithm to build bridges between two patientreported health outcome instruments. Many of the published articles used sf36 to measure hrqol were reported.
An item on selfreported health transition is not included in the derivation. The test consists of 36 questions and requires 10 minutes to administer. Oct 04, 2016 some studies summed the scores of the eight sf36 domains yielding total scores above 100, such as 524. The optum sf 36v2 health survey asks 36 questions to measure functional health and wellbeing from the patients point of view. Overview of the sf 36 health survey and the international quality of life assessment iqola project. Aggregated measures of the 8 scales and summary scores pcs and mcs of the sf 36 and vr12 are provided in the seermhos data resource. Data sources pubmed, contact with authors for missing information, and author survey for unpublished sf 36. Short form 36 health survey standard, us version 1. Definition see sections describing the component scores and. The sf 36 is a generic measure of health status as opposed to one that targets a specific age, disease, or treatment group. The medical outcomes study short form 36 sf36 is a generic health status measure that was introduced in 1992, and has been translated languages. These questions are about how you feel and how things have been with you during the last 4 weeks. Normative data and discriminative properties of short form.
When assessing the effect of sociodemographic variables on the hrqol, by categorizing the sf 36 in two components pcs and mcs, it was observed that the physical component was significantly influenced by the gender p 0. Sf36 is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of. We administered the sf 36 to 7,093 patients who received medical care from an independent association of 48 physician groups in the western united states. Furthermore, the sf 36 aggregated summaries pcs and mcs for both groups, demonstrate the impairment of the patients, especially with a sf 36 pcs score at 26, well below the us general population. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. The sf 36 is an indicator of overall health status. The sf 36 pcs was chosen as the primary variable because it has the advantage of lower inherent variability than the individual domain scores and allows elimination of both floor and ceiling effects. Pcs, mcs, physical functioning, rolephysical, bodily pain, general health and mental health. As part of the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes, rand developed the 36 item short form health survey sf 36.
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